Where did Mummy Come From Professor Ramos Blog

Where did Mummy Come From Sean Sulikowski English 102 8 August 2018 Where Did Mummy Come From?  â â â â â â â â â â Since the mid nineteenth century, individuals from around the globe have been captivated with the beast known as the â€Å"mummy†. Mummies are portrayed as undead animals enclosed by swathes who ascend from their endless sleep from inside their stone coffins to either get their vengeance or take what they will. Genuine mummies, in any case, are just safeguarded stays with the standard undertone of being from old Egypt. The preservation procedure in old Egypt was long, yet it kept the dead bodies safeguarded for existence in the wake of death. In later history, this training appears to be fairly no-no and drives our minds wild as observed by the plenty of mummies in nineteenth century writing from writers, for example, Edgar Allen Poe and Jane Loudon Webb (MacFarlane 8). In light of this ascent sought after for apparition stories just as the developing trend for Egyptian style in the Victorian period, mummies were described as the new beasts of the time. In old Egypt, customs happened to safeguard dead bodies for the person’s venture through the great beyond. The old Egyptians accepted â€Å"theâ body was home to a people Ka (soul), which was required in the afterlife,† (A Mummy’s Tale). Along these lines, the custom of protecting body was made and for the pharaohs, however nearly everyone. The continually dry climate and the accessibility of salts made conservation of bodies feasible for the Egyptians. These practices would let the bodies last everlastingly whenever left undisturbed with the goal that they could discover their way to the advanced where archeologists would one day reveal them and their peculiar traditions. At the point when the Victorian time came around and archeologists at last disclosed the concealed mummies, Europeans would take these mummies and their design to join them into their own general public. Bradley Dean, a creator and Professor with two Alumni Association Awards, asked â€Å"why mummy fiction should make its conceivably colossal ladies so eligible, why the unfulfilled guarantee of association ought to so determinedly drive the Victorian dreams of Egypt?† (MacFarlane 6). When Deane poses this inquiry, he brings up the suggestive dreams that those in the Victorian period once had. The mummies were not animals of loathsomeness from the outset, yet rather portrayals of magnificent dream tantamount to the masculinity of a cutting edge logger or the provocativeness of an advanced model. These dreams of long dead pharaohs drove ages of individuals to cherish cadavers. The consistently developing want for additional mummies to open up and more burial chambers to be attac ked kept each person’s intrigue and interest for quite a long time to come. It wasn’t until 1827 when Jane Loudon Webb distributed her book, The Mummy, that the mummy turned into the focal point of a loathsomeness sort. Not long after that, the mummy turned into a figure of repulsiveness for the entire world in spite of its fixation on the saved carcasses proceeding. The â€Å"mummy’s curse† even figured out how to consolidate both the sexual dream of antiquated Egyptian mummies with the more up to date thought of the vindictive, vivified mummy in Louisa May Alcott’s short story, Lost in a Pyramid: The Mummys Curse, distributed in 1869 (A Mummy’s Tale). This story delineates a lady and her fiancã © who travel to Egypt just to have her fiancã © reviled into turning into a mummy. The discussion of Egyptian mummies’ curses was simply dream among mummy darlings all around Europe and was never paid attention to. It was just raised from dream to odd notion in the mid twentieth century. In 1923, the financer for the most recent mummy undertaking in the Valley of the Kings, George Herbert, otherwise called Lord Carnarvon, passed on only half a month in the wake of King Tutankhamun’s burial chamber had been opened. Herbert had created erysipelas, a skin sickness as a rule brought about by microscopic organisms, just to have it cause septicemia, an event of microorganisms entering the circulation system, and pneumonia (Nelson). This incident of Herbert passing on not long after King Tutankhamun’s burial place had been uncovered to the world had made worldwide news. Everyone accepted these two occurrences were connected and charged a â€Å"mummy’s curse† as the guilty party. It was now that the mummy’s revile turned into an apparently genuine danger. This dread was possibly expanded when an aggregate of six individuals out of the twenty four who were available when the burial place was open kicked the bucket by 1934, twelve years since the first disclosure of Tutankhamun’s burial place in November of 1922 (Nelson). The suggestive dreams of mummies before long halted alongside the appearance of the â€Å"real† mummy’s revile and the maltreatment of these cadavers quit leaving the protected group of King Tutankhamun, or King Tut as he is referred to these days, as one of only a handful barely any mummies remaining. With this new perspective on mummies and the first phantom stories from the nineteenth century, we started to consider mummies to be beasts. Despite the fact that we had supported the mummy’s revile to be growth or microscopic organisms and later discovered malic corrosive on King Tut’s burial place dividers which recommended that Aspergillus parasite or Arthrobacter or Pseudomonas microbes could have been available in the burial place (Vasanthakumar 60), individuals despite everything discovered approaches to point their finger legitimately at the mummy itself and accuse a revile. Much like a cutting edge sequential executioner, the mummy turned into a beast the second it killed. This backings Cohen’s fifth beast proposal, which expresses the beast polices the outskirts of the conceivable (Cohen 12). He states, â€Å"the beast remains as a notice against investigation of its unsure demesnes,† (Cohen 12) which impeccably portrays the creation of the mummy. The mummy’s revile possibly actuated when men had investigated excessively far into its burial place and reviled the men as a notice to the rest who set out to do likewise. The mummy can likewise be portrayed as a beast utilizing Cohen’s fourth beast postulation which expresses that the beast abides at the entryways of distinction (Cohen 7). Cohen portrays the biggest contrast that makes beasts into beasts will in general be â€Å"cultural, political, racial, financial, sexual.† (Cohen 7). This discloses to us that beasts don’t simply appear to be unique, however show various perspectives on each significant part of our lives to the point of profanity or nauseate. The mummy was made by a general public very different from our own, a general public which feels that expulsion and safeguarding of organs alongside the body itself was something worth being thankful for that helped the individual in life following death, while we may find that training no-no in present day. Therefore, we consider mummies to be beasts. A mummy turned into a notable beast with a plenty of books and motion pictures to depict its monsterhood just through hundreds of years of unintentional occasions which all in some way or another carried the mummy to its seat of monsterhood. The climate of antiquated Egypt and the accessibility of protection strategies were vital reasons for embalmment to happen, which thus was a remote reason for the current situation of mummies in media today. Following a few centuries, Egyptian mummies, who had been embalmed in old Egypt, at long last advanced toward the Victorian time to be adored as the most recent prevailing fashion just as become material for the expanding interest for apparition stories in the time until the circumstantial demise of George Herbert in 1923 only weeks in the wake of King Tut’s burial chamber had been opened which had turned the possibility of mummies around from sensual dream to subject of odd dread. It was then that the mummy was at long last viewed as a beast who cast curses on the individuals who challenged enter its burial place or restore itself to seek retribution for comparable reasons. Mummies set aside much effort to win their place as cutting edge beasts through hundreds of years of causality. Commented on Bibliography â€Å"A Mummy’s Tale.† 2006. E2BN. Web. 5 August 2018. This article discusses the roots of the mummy and where we came to put stock in the mummy’s â€Å"curse†. This article quickly goes into the historical backdrop of the mummy and how preservation was done in antiquated Egypt. This article demonstrates its believability through its rundown of assets, one of which being the British Museum. This article additionally shows its unwavering quality through the organization that supported this article. E2BN is an organization that helps nearby instruction. I want to utilize this article to show where mummies originated from. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. Beast culture (seven theses). Gothic loathsomeness: A guide for understudies and readersâ (2007): 198-217. This is the seven propositions we got in class to use for beast examination. It is a friend inspected article, ending up being believable. I want to utilize it to help comprehend mummies as beasts. Macfarlane, Karen E. Mummy Knows Best: Knowledge and the Unknowable thus of the Century Mummy Fiction. Horror Studiesâ 1.1 (2010): 5-24. This article talks about mummies in writing. This is a companion checked on article. I might want to utilize this article to comprehend where the fantasy of mummies originated from and the people’s perspectives on mummies. Nelson, Mark R. The mummys revile: authentic associate study. BMJ: British Medical Journalâ 325.7378 (2002): 1482. Nelson considers the overcomers of Tutankhamun’s burial chamber after the occasions of an alleged â€Å"mummy’s curse† during the 1920s when Tutankhamun’s burial chamber was uncovered. Her investigations bolster that that is no â€Å"mummy’s curse†. This is a friend checked on article. I plan to utilize this source to comprehend the Tutankhamun occurrence more. Vasanthakumar, Archana, et al. Microbiological review for investigation of the earthy colored spots on the dividers of the burial place of King Tutankhamun. International Biodeterioration Biodegradationâ 79 (2013): 56-63. This article talks about the microbiological investigation of the burial place of Tutank

The Devil’s Highway by Luis Alberto Urrea Essay Example for Free

The Devil’s Highway by Luis Alberto Urrea Essay Luis Alberto Urrea has done exhaustive research over the subject of unlawful migration and the issues individuals face while crossing the outskirt before composing this book. A large portion of them kick the bucket in the mid of their excursion as they need to cross by walking which is extremely perilous and includes a great deal of hazard. Urrea depicts the circumstance and realities so exuberant that the peruser gets totally included and nearly begins feeling the torment by which these men may have experienced. Urrea needs to bring up that these illicit migrants as human eings and needs them to be dealt with likely in light of the fact that the procedure of movement takes us once again into the history when men were required in US to do some random temp jobs that the residents were not ready to do. Additionally these individuals could be saved money and accordingly helped in a roundabout way in the economy of the nation. Be that as it may, seeing a portion of the Mexicans all around settled in US parcel of them needed to come and this offered ascend to individuals like Don Moi to make mafia as well. The Arizona desert is considered as the devil’s expressway since it is savage. Getting lost nd water are nonstop issues that men face there. The depiction of various types of death makes the peruser short of breath and this looks very near reality as they recount to their own accounts and the explanations for why every one is taking a chance with his life. Urrea utilizes terms like ‘cutting the drag’ and clarifies the peruser how these men convey themselves forward in that impossibly solid sun and drag their body in extraordinary sweltering conditions. He likewise utilizes terms like ‘a pig at a luau’, which is utilized to portray the kind of death these men were getting in that destructive desert because of warmth. The ‘signcutters’ like Don Moi in the story removes his cut of intrigue and leave the men in the manner lost, as there are no signs in the best approach to manage them. Urrea invests a great deal of energy in the perspective of the Border Petrol since he needs to demonstrate the genuine picture to the perusers. He has accomplished total research work and has met the different legislators on each side. Some of them are supportive of migration while many need to assemble a high divider from one end to opposite finish of Border. He needs to tell the peruser that the normal and destitute individuals endure because of this sort of legislative issues. The different sides of the story tell the truth of the two outsiders and the issues they face and exercises required at the outskirt like watching and looking after them. Urrea has wonderfully blended the two stories and causes the peruser to feel the genuine picture behind what individuals really consider. The Devil’s Highway’ is considered as artistic true to life since it is a story dependent on acts and creator has worked superbly of mixing reality with story. The realities are so very much depicted in the example of narrating that peruser really feels torment and nearly remember the story alongside words utilized by essayist. Urrea recounts to the story in an extremely interesting manner and even gives brief portrayal of every person, his life and motivation behind why he needs to move. This makes the story considerably all the more fascinating and live. The book is ‘literary’ on the grounds that peruser is nearly connected to realities through the story.

Memoirs Of Sherlock Holmes, Written By Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Is A Co Essay Example For Students

Journals Of Sherlock Holmes, Written By Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Is A Co Essay llection of Sherlock Holmes short stories. ?Silver Blaze?, ?The Yellow Face?, ?The Stock-Brokers Clerk?, ?The ?Gloria Scott?, ?The Musgrave Ritual?, ?The Reigate Puzzle?, ?The Crooked Man?, ?The Resident Patient?, ?The Greek Interpreter?, ?The Naval Treaty?, and ?The Final Problem? are incorporated. A ton of data about Holmes and Watson is remembered for this assortment. There is some data which is stunning, and other data which may have been normal. These accounts likewise incorporate some of Holmes most essential experiences. I guess this is the reason they call it Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes. ?Silver Blaze? as a matter of fact has two riddles: the vanishing of a well known pony, Silver Blaze, and the homicide of its coach. At the point when Holmes and Watson find out about this, they go to look at it, with Colonel Ross, the proprietor of the pony, and Inspector Gregory. The foursome goes to the location of the violations: where Silver Blaze had last been seen and the body of the mentor was discovered, lying on the ground. They don't discover anything there, and after the colonel and the monitor leave Holmes and Watson at the wrongdoing scene, they discover impressions a little ways off. The impressions are of a pony. They follow the impressions and locate that a little more distant they are joined by the impressions of a man. Following these arrangement of tracks, the analyst and the specialist are lead to Mapleton corrals, which are the main different pens in the territory other than the one where the pony lived. Holmes sits down to chat with the proprietor in private an d finds that he has Silver Blaze. After some arranging the proprietor vows to let the pony ride in the races the following day, and afterward give him back to the proprietor. Holmes makes Watson guarantee to not enlighten anybody regarding their triumph at this time, and he does promptly. The following day the colonel, the overseer, Holmes, and Watson are watching the races. In any case, they don't see Silver Blaze anyplace. At the point when one of the races is done, and there is a short break, they head over to the back where all the ponies are continued during the day of the race. They discover Silver Blaze to have been camouflaged. Holmes at that point clarifies how it was that the ponies coach had been slaughtered. It appears that the coach had needed to do a type of activity on the pony so he would run more slow in the race, Lord knows why he needed. He had brought the pony into the center of a field with a medical procedure blade. The coach had attempted to play out the activ ity, which was to be done on the rear of the pony. Be that as it may, the pony had felt the blade cut into his body and kicked his coach directly in the head with his rear leg. This and the way that the blade which the coach had been holding had cut him seriously on his leg had slaughtered him. ?The Yellow Face? is one of the uncommon, obscure situations where Holmes ends up being incorrectly. Another fascinating truth learned for this situation is that Holmes every so often utilized cocaine! In any case, when these accounts were composed, it wasnt realized that cocaine can slaughter you, so we cannot accuse Holmes since he didnt know. A man comes to Holmes and Watsons house, requesting counsel and an answer. The man clarifies that some new individuals had moved into the house nearby to his home, where he lived with his better half. At the point when he had thumped on the new neighbors entryway, he was replied by a lady who was cruel to him. She wouldnt let him go inside the house, and she shut the entryway in his face. At the point when he began to walk home, he coincidentally glanced at one of the upstairs windows of the house. He saw a yellowish, incensed shaded, passive face gazing directly at him. He was very scared, and rushed home. That night, at around two toward th e beginning of the day, he woke up and saw his significant other getting dressed. Imagining he was still snoozing, he watched her leave the room entryway, and he heard the front entryway open, and afterward shut. Some time later he heard the front entryway open and shut once more, and he saw his significant other get through the room entryway. He sat up and asked her where she had been. Her face turned blameworthy and scared, and she lied and said that she had just required some outside air. The following day, the man returned home from work and saw that his better half was no more. He suspected that she had gone to see the new neighbors. She had returned home when he arrived, however he raged in any case. There was just one room in the whole house which appeared as though it had been lived in, and nobody was in the house at that point. The man completes his story, and notices in transit out that he and his better half had never kept insider facts from one another, and that he was h is wifes second spouse, the first and the youngster having kicked the bucket from a serious disease. Holmes calculates that the principal spouse has not kicked the bucket, however is a terrible man and has returned to ?frequent? his ex. Nonetheless, when Holmes, Watson and the man attack the house with whoever is living in it still there, a youngster and the spouse are in the main comftorable room in the house. At the point when the youngster gives her face, it is that equivalent enraged shaded face which the man had depicted before. Be that as it may, Holmes just snickers and, putting his hand behind the childs ear, pulls off the cover to uncover her actual face. She is dark, and, in the time that this story was composed, blacks were called negros, and despite the fact that the Civil War had recently finished, they were as yet treated as ?underneath? whites by a great many people, in England just as America and Europe. The spouse clarifies that the principal husband genuinely had k icked the bucket, yet the kid had not. The primary spouse had been a ?negro?, and the wife depicted it as ?a mishap that our lone youngster took after his kin as opposed to mine?. She clarified that the kid had been living in America with a caretaker for the three years that the spouse has been hitched the subsequent husband. At last, the spouse couldn't stand the idea of not seeing her kid, and demanded that she move into the house nearby for about a week or somewhere in the vicinity. The spouse is worried about the possibility that that the subsequent husband will detest the dark kid, constrain her to move back to America, and will be irate at the wife for having hitched a ?negro?. Be that as it may, the man kisses the youngster, and says they can examine it in their own home. Holmes demonstrates himself to not be right, and acknowledges it. ?The Stock-Brokers Clerk? starts with the intriguing actuality that Watson has hitched and has an occupation as a clinical specialist. Be that as it may, Holmes calls upon him and inquires as to whether he might want to go on another ?experience?. Watson promptly concurs, and, telling his significant other, he sets off with Holmes. Their customer clarifies that he had quite recently found a new line of work when, one night, a man went to his home and asked him a couple of inquiries, for example, in the event that he stayed aware of the securities exchange, and so on. The man was charmed with the appropriate responses which the customer gave, and chose to enlist him for the obscure organization Franco-Midland Hardware Company, Limited. The customer consented to stop his present place of employment, to join this new one, and saw that the keeps an eye on tooth on his left side had gold filling. The following day the customer answered to the given office and was appointed some inconseque ntial work which took half a month. At the point when the customer was done he returned to the workplace and gave the work to the man. This man was not quite the same as the one which had gone to his home. Be that as it may, the customer saw that he had the equivalent careful tooth had gold filling as the primary man. This confounded the customer, which carried him to Holmes. So Watson, Holmes, and the customer return to the workplace to discover the man perusing a paper. At the point when he turns upward from it his face is chalk white, and he for the most part looks extremely horrendous. He wishes that everybody would simply leave him alone, despite the fact that he has no clue that he is within the sight of the incomparable Sherlock Holmes and his right hand, Dr. Watson. The customer reminds the man that he is here on arrangement, and the man pardons himself for a moment. He goes into a back room. The three men are left hanging tight for quite a while, until they hear a couple of slamming commotions, and afterward a murmuring sound. They race into the back space to find that the man has hung himself. The investigator, his customer, and the specialist quickly take the rope from around his neck, and bringing him into the workplace, lay him down on the couch. Dr. Watson spares him from death. While they are hanging tight for the man to totally recoup, they read the article which the man had been perusing out loud, just to find that it bolsters Holmes surmise. The man has an accomplice, however he has been working at the customers unique employment. He attempted to take the entirety of the cash from that activity the prior night, yet he was gotten. Holmes declares that ?human instinct is an odd blend, Watson. You see that even a lowlife and a killer can rouse such warmth that his sibling goes to self destruction when he discovers that his neck is relinquished?. ?The ?Gloria Scott? is intriguing, being that it was Holmes first case. It is abnormal to find out about a case without Watson being the storyteller. For this situation, we additionally discover that, after Holmes escaped school, he had his stunning ?powers?, yet he just envisioned them as the merest side interest. It is likewise discovered that Holmes just headed off to college for a long time. He was not truly amiable, either. He had just a single companion during those years, named Victor Trevor. During a long excursion in the school years Trevor welcomed Holmes to his dads house. They make some great memories there and the old Trevor is stunned at Holmess ?powers?, blacking out when Holmes specifies that the old Trevor used to be personally aquatinted with somebody whos initials were J.A., and a while later he urgently needed to disregard them. A day prior to Holmes is going to leave, an odd man strolls in the entryway, who the old Trevor perceives as Hudson. He is still there wh en Holmes leaves, and he is happy he did, on the grounds that this Hudson character isnt the most wonderful of colleagues. Close to the finish of the long excursion Victor sent Holmes a wire requesting that he come down to the old Trevors house right away. Victor m

White Privilege And Racial Discrimination - 1241 Words

Many people in our country do not enjoy the same privileges as others do. Some people have the best jobs, the best cars, and essentially the best life. Others, however, live in low income neighborhoods, do not even own a car, and are struggling every day of their life. The clear distinction between these two types of people is their skin color. People of color are at a constant disadvantage in our economy, society, and environment. This leads to different experiences that minorities face in every part of their life, including college. Our country has been built on institutionalized and systemic racism, which is why minorities as a whole have been displaced in America. In our society, white privilege effectively shows the many benefits that†¦show more content†¦One example of white privilege, even though it is miniscule, are bandages. They usually come in a â€Å"flesh† color, but this only truly matches a white person’s skin. But, white privilege is not just li mited to trivial things. In society, white people are looked upon as the most successful group, the ones who attend college, and the ones who have great careers. Compared to white people, minorities are rarely looked at being the intelligent ones who are capable of earning a degree. This is why there are so many white people on college campuses compared to minorities. Minorities are somewhat discouraged by our society to not attend college because of the lack of diversity. Another privilege white Americans enjoy is that they can go shopping alone without being followed or accused of stealing. I actually have had this happen to me various times. Whether I would be alone or with my friends at the mall or at a gas station, I would be yelled at saying I was stealing when I never had the intention of doing so. But if white people are able to acknowledge their privilege, they can help minorities significantly. 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Analysis Of The Movie The Great Train Robbery - 994 Words

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Dear University Of Wisconsin Madison Admissions - 1588 Words

Dear University of Wisconsin-Madison Admissions, Growing up a Caucasian, upper-middle-class child in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, I remember feeling perplexed every time I visited my neighborhood grocery store. While the groceries in one part of the store served a demographic population similar to my own, the other items catered to the low-income, predominately African-American population located in the adjacent neighborhood. My grocery store mirrored the demographic make-up of my city, yet was not reflected in my educational trajectory. My parents, like many financially secure families in my area, sent me to a private college-preparatory school to escape the deficiencies of the public school system in East Baton Rouge Parish. While white†¦show more content†¦A conversation ingrained in my memory involved two adolescent boys from San Antonio Independent School District (SAISD). When asked about their future ambitions, one student casually responded that he would â€Å"go to prison like his father.† The other expressed a desire to rise above his inner city milieu, but had little sense his abilities or of his options. In stark contrast, students from Alamo Heights, an affluent neighboring district, held ambitions to become doctors, lawyers, and politicians, and demonstrated an understanding of the prerequisites for their desired career path. The graduation rate of Alamo Heights stood at 98% while SAISD’s graduation rate lingered around 60%. The contrast between these two districts grows more disturbing when considered through the lens of racial equality. While SAISD’s population is 98% minority, the Anglo population in Alamo Heights totals slightly over 55%. Yet, 74% of Alamo Heights graduates achieve a four-year college diploma, while only 4% percent of SAISD alumni attain a bachelor’s degree. An opportunity gap results from this discrepancy, ultimately proving detrimental to social mobility. In 2013, I became a Teach For America Corps member in Mission Texas, a small town on the border

Organisational Change Approaches Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Change Approaches. Answer: Introduction The paradigm shift in the production process is defined by high technology era demanding organizations to change their modes of operations so that they may remain relevant within the market segment (Vaara Tienari,2011). As a way of appreciating technological innovations, most organizations are on the verge of facing out the old ways of production. Having worked as a sales person, I have gained diverse skills of marketing. Such experience helps me remain innovative, creative, team player, focused, and determined to achieve. This paper structurally based on three basic approaches to change. They include; use of power to facilitate change, organizational learning approach to managing employees' stress and emotions, and finally, the concept of organizational communication strategies in managing a workforce in mergers and acquisitions (Jiali Zhanget al., 2015). The aim of choosing these three themes is to enable me study more and understand the importance of communication in managing empl oyees for mergers and acquisitions. The significance of these approaches is that leadership influences emotions and practices within the workplace. Therefore, it is paramount to learn how to approach changes to ensure the change program is acceptable to all. Use of Power to Facilitate Change Review The use of power to influence and persuade employees in organizations is a fascinating discovery I ever meet as far as organizational change approach is concerned. Managers use power to influence production practices and employee participation (Jiali Zhanget al., 2015).Therefore this topic is significant in creating a mutual understanding between the management and the staff. Power is defined as the ability to take action and influence others. To promote continued thinking, I focused on legitimate power and expert power. Legitimate power is based on the title one holds such as manager, supervisor, and others. This kind of power comes with ability and responsibility to reward and punish. For example, staff raises and restricted asses to resources. On the other hand, expert power comes from expert skills that are highly valued and personal associations with people (Riad, Vaara Zhang, 2012). Application of Power Model in Facilitation of Change Programs Expert power The management invoked a change program that encouraged customer relation through improving service delivery (Jiali Zhanget al. ,2015).Different parties were brought together to share experiences that would lead to successful customer relationships across the business. The staff became part of decision making hence a greater achievement was witnessed (Vanston, 2007). This is expert power. After observation of O2 case scenario, I established that expert power is most effective when it comes to maintaining an organizational image as well as boosting customer relationships. The comments indicate strengths and weaknesses in this approach as follows. Strengths. Expert power has the potential to influence behaviours of others within the system. In our case scenario, participative leadership was heightened through sharing experiences that would lead to successful customer relationships across the business (Graebner, 2009). Additionally, this helped me to realize that expert power builds trust and self-confidence which forms the basis of decision and opinion acceptability within organizational setup. The evidence of this collaboration between the management and the staff was systematic thinking (Weber Fried,2011). This approach acknowledges dynamic systems that impact both the external and internal populations (Xing,Liu,Tarba, Cooper, 2014). Groups easily influence people into buying the idea, product or service as stated by the collaborative theory (Vanston, 2007). Common language choice and approach is achieved collaboratively within organizations multiplying change efforts. Weaknesses. I realized that expert power needs high-level experience in terms of knowledge and skills hence daily improvement is needed. Additionally, it is easier to close one gap as others grow wider (Graebner, 2009). For instance, O2 runs the risk of delayed implementation since it has to get the response from other staff members who are as well represented. I have a greater awareness that expert power is subject to diminish as expert skills are shared across the members thus lack of influence. For instance, shared experiences that would lead to successful customer relationships across O2 would soon be common to all members linked to the organization losing their unique value before their inception into the system. (Jiali Zhanget al., 2015). Action plan Participative leadership. Competitively, use of power to influence change programs has opened my scope in participative leadership (Shook, Roth,2011). I perceive power as a management tool that sets organizational values and leadership behaviours. This approach is systematic and allows collaboration between leaders and staff members in the implementation of business processes (Weber Tarba,2011). Participative leadership leads to more staff commitments towards meeting organizational goals. Second, it bridges the distance between senior management and staff thus creating labour-management relationships leading to resourcefulness and resilient behaviours during changing period. Weber Tarba (2013) argues managers use empowerment approach to shift beliefs, values, and attitudes at every level of the organization. The study establishes that the management encouraged employees input by breaking some rules to improve customer experiences. Additionally, different parties were incorporated in to decision-making exercise and shared experiences (Vanston, 2007). In a nutshell, use of power to invoke change program is about collaborating with staff members in terms of beliefs, values, and approaches (Shook, Roth,2011). This can be enhanced through participative leadership through partnering, shared values and beliefs, and systematic thinking. The outlined approaches enhance labour-management relations leading to resourceful and resilient behaviours during change period (Jiali Zhang et al., 2015). Other Theories Other theories that have facilitated to my improved experience as a salesperson in the marketing plans of an organization towards its change include: Stage theory of organizational change: Organizations pass through a well detailed series of changes, and it is here where employees learn continuously. Through this fact, I have been learning the right means to innovations as well as the best ways to resolving the underlying marketing challenges. Behavioral theory: The proper understanding of behavioral theory by the virtue of appreciating the employees input to organizational success. The Concept of Organizational Communication Strategies in Managing Workforce in Mergers and Acquisitions Review Note that I acknowledge organizational communication strategies as a significant course to my studies as well as my professionalism as a young entrepreneur eying to establish huge market base globally (Shook, Roth,2011). Information is an important element describing the world today. With different communication strategies, individuals can stand out and shine in the business world. Communication is therefore paramount in mergers and acquisition (Graebner, 2009). The type of communications matters in various ways. Some mergers and acquisitions embrace open communication whereas others prefer restricted communication strategies (Shook, Roth,2011).Practically, interactive communication reduces employee uncertainty due to information inadequacy, rumors, and dysfunctional outcomes. Communication plays a major role in reducing uncertainty, guides business transactions enhance high commitment levels and increase mergers success (Gomes,Cohen,Mellahi, 2011). Application of Organizational Communication Strategies in Managing Workforce In the study, it is established that Pfizer, a UK based company changed its mode of communication from regional leaders to two senior directors one to deal with sales and the other with customer marketing (Shook, Roth,2011, p. 149). The directors invested informal consultations from employees through telephone broadcasts, video diaries, and face-face meetings. The video diaries made the staff more accountable and innovative (Graebner, 2009). This communication process called for a new structure with new leadership position of ten people. These ten updated other employees on the progress of the change program using video summaries (Myers, Hulks Wiggins, 2012). Other expensive measures were as well initiated into the system. These include publication of video summaries on intranet along with key messages, supporting documents and feedback tools after monthly meetings. In a way, this communication strategy increased the visibility of the ten leaders and encouraged a non-corporate style of communication (Myers, Hulks Wiggins, 2012). Communication strategies Enterprise resource planning software. The software is a management tool that suits integrated applications that will allow organizations to collect, store, manage, and interpret data from other links related to the businesses (Vanston, 2007). It will be used to plan on product costs, deliver services to clients, market organization's products and services, check payments, and enhance sales within the operational business zone as well as another outlet. It will handle cash transactions, business commitments, orders, and payrolls (Myers, Hulks Wiggins, 2012).The application will then share data across all legal systems such as institutional computers and staff mobile phones by a single click from the IT technician (Vanston, 2007). The software will allow an aggregate view of core business processes carried on a daily basis using a common database maintained by a database management system (Shook, Roth,2011). Customer relationship management software. This software will include mergers to rate performance against selected milestones over time. The signs will include; email reminders, customer contacts, email correspondence and develop tasks and event reports (Shook, Roth,2011).The software will be used to build customer feedback schedules, respond to inquiries, upload brands, and services offered by the company, testimonials, reports, and critical information on the website of the enterprise (Myers, Hulks Wiggins, 2012). Strengths of programmatic communication strategies This study prompted me to think of customer management and enterprise resource planning software as effective methods for business communication by studying strengths associated with programmatic communication strategies such as planning process and positioning in terms of resource mobilization, staffing, department, cost adjustment, and other issues linked to merging and acquisition (Delbridge Fiss, 2013). Identification of common patterns and behaviors. Organizational communication enhances cultural interactions through identifying common patterns and behaviors (Angwin, 2007, p. 99).This strategy helps in striking commonness in businesses located in different regions and parts of the world (Vanston, 2007). Publication of video summaries on intranet along with key messages, supporting documents and feedback tools after monthly meetings increased the visibility of the ten leaders and encouraged a non-corporate style of communication (Allatta Singh, 2011). Strategies such as spreading common culture through slogans, brands, objectives, modes of operations, structural designs, and mottos create alliances between people and cultures within the same company. In the long run, businesses familiarize with common elements such as customers preferences and tests giving production and marketing unit an easy time to select production processes and advertisement modes respectively (Aguilera Dencker , 2004). Action plan This study has taught me on the importance of strategic commitment to positively impact employees. It is clear from the discussions above that the selective approach of communication strategy is more effective in reassuring the target audiences and building trust (Clark,Gioia,Ketchen Thomas, 2010). Additionally, the medium selection is fundamental in the enrichment of communication. This is the means by which the message reaches the recipient, for example, face-to-face, meetings, email, and conferences (Vanston, 2007). Concisely, organization communication deals with message transmission approach from the management to the junior staff and vice versa. It is essential therefore to select targets wisely and establish common patterns that apply to the specific targets (Myers, Hulks Wiggins, 2012). Organisational Learning Approach to Managing Employees' Stress and Emotions Review Many companies are facing out the old ways of operation due to globalization, the industrial revolution, and increased technological innovation in attempts to remain relevant with the global standards (Vanston, 2007). These changes are categorically placed into structural, downsizing, mergers, subcontracting, job designs, and training (Aida Hajro, 2014). These changes have implications for workers regarding workload and quality resulting in stress and emotional challenges (Shook, Roth,2011).To manage this, it is paramount to learn how to manage employees' stress and emotions for organizational change (Myers, Hulks Wiggins, 2012). Application of organizational learning approach in managing employees stress and emotions Conflict management. Most organizations tend to ignore workplace emotions leading to misunderstanding and conflicts (Aida Hajro, 2014). Apparently, organizational conflicts can be well managed through learning emotions. Emotion is an important ingredient in theory and practice of organizational learning since emotions speak our minds and thoughts. This important element increases the organizational level of analysis for a positive organizational change. If wrongly managed, emotions cause psychological risk and physical damage (Guth MacMillan,1986). I believe organizational change is a vital tool for growth and development of firms and an effective topic for my course. Most companies reap huge profit margins due to organizational change (Shook, Roth,2011). However, most tend to ignore the negative effects that come with an organizational change such as psychological instability and physical harm attached to their staff members. (Aida Hajro, 2014). Initiating Programs. Significantly, organizational learning can be applied in initiating programs within organizations by provoking staff emotions (Myers, Hulks Wiggins, 2012). Emotional responses reflect the true state of our minds and how we feel without hiding anything (Aida Hajro, 2014, p.397) Learning emotions would enable the management and employees to know what clients, shareholders, staff, and other parties of interest expect of them. (Jiali Zhanget al., 2015). There is an assumption that organizational conflicts are as a result of intolerable human resources, lack of collective bargaining to reach a consensus for example through meetings and workers opinions, defensive reactions among individuals and groups, and underdeveloped processes of communication (Gomes, AngwinWeber, Tarba,2013). These elements arise due to lack of engagement with emotional dynamics and further graduate into hatred, envy, jealousy, and dissatisfaction (sources of conflicts within organizations). As a scholar, I agree with the psychodynamic theory which assumes that "organizations move beyond collective efforts but rather on individual behaviours." To influence workplace behaviours, most organizations are defined by selected norms. (Shook, Roth,2011).These norms act as guidelines to set relationships between workers, clients, employees, and statutory bodies. For example, arrival time, dressing codes, language choice, and observing chain of command among others get organizations going. Such rules also embrace diversified emotions and challenge collective behaviour among staff members (Aida Hajro, 2014). Additionally, organizational rules affect how individuals within the organization carry themselves within and beyond the organization (Graebner, 2009). Criticism A fascinating fact is that despite the pervasiveness of organizational changes, its success has been shifted to motivation and commitment of employees themselves. Most employers have backed off in supporting their employees. (Aida Hajro, 2014). According to this study, companies have gone viral in training their employees to master new processes neglecting their emotions and stress factors (Shook, Roth,2011). This is a dangerous move in the development of organizations since it decreases performance and ultimately leads to reduced customer satisfaction as far as services and products are concerned. (Jiali Zhanget al., 2015). In my opinion, there is a great need to re-check the practices and changes in environments to solve the stressing factors between employees and employers. Environmental demands become stressful when perceived as threatening the physical, mental, and psychological well-being of individuals (Myers, Hulks Wiggins, 2012).would include issues such as change of supervisors and task allocation. On the other hand, flexible practices may include issues such as labour contract and working hours. Such proponents are milestones for high productivity levels, staff and customers' satisfaction. Ideally, stress is manifested when demands from the environment combined with fewer resources or input to work on those demands (Shook, Roth,2011) Action plan Flexible structures. Organisational learning creates a platform for staff to share out their minds openly without victimisation. Different scholars argue that most organizations have failed in acknowledging the importance of supporting their staff. Managers and employees have gone viral on training individuals to master skills (Myers, Hulks Wiggins, 2012). These skills get to waste if not well natured for self-improvement and growth. Personally, I believe routine is a deadly disease that is killing management. For example, in an event where the organizational routine is tight and strict, employees lack a chance to express their views openly and blindly follow what they are used to even if the system or production method has defaulted. This in a way sabotages organizational development (Graebner, 2009). Openness is shielded despite the existence of differences causing failure due to fear of victimisation, weaknesses of speaking out individual's thoughts and mind, and fears of differe nce and competition between organizational sub-systems (Self-limiting processes inhibiting learning and change), (Graebner, 2009). Organisational learning on managing employees' stress and emotions would mean creating a free environment for sharing different ideas and thoughts. This would also bring a mutual understanding between individuals and groups with diverse belief patterns by appealing to their emotions and embracing diversity (Graebner, 2009). It is clear that employees are stressing factors range from structures, downsizing, mergers, subcontracting, job designs, and training. These can be managed through flexible organizational structures and support systems that suits workers level. Workers feel presented when they are capable of managing stress and emotions through a free environment that allows them to their ideas and thoughts (Graebner, 2009). References Aguilera,R., Dencker,J.(2004).The role of human resource management in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15,13551370. Aida Hajro (2014). Cultural influences and the mediating role of socio-cultural integration processes. Pp 393-456 Allatta,J. T., Singh,H.(2011).Evolving communication patterns in response to an acquisition event. Strategic Management Journal, 32,10991118. Angwin,D. N.(2007).Motive archetypes in mergers and acquisitions (MA): The implications of a configurational approach to performance. Advances in Mergers Acquisitions, 6,77105. Budhwar,P. S.,Varma,A.,Katou,A. A., Narayan,D.(2009).The role of HR in cross-border mergers and acquisitions: The case of Indian pharmaceutical firms. Multinational Business Review, 17,89110. Clark,S. M.,Gioia,D. A.,Ketchen,D. J., Thomas,J. B.(2010).Transitional identity as a facilitator of organizational identity change during a merger. Administrative Science Quarterly, 55,397438. Delbridge,R., Fiss,P. C.(2013).Editor's comments: Styles of theorizing and the social organization of knowledge. Academy of Management Review, 36,325331. Gomes,E.,Angwin,D.,Weber,Y., Tarba,S. Y.(2013).Critical success factors through the mergers and acquisitions process: Revealing pre- and post-MA connections for improved performance. Thunderbird International Business Review, 55,1335. Graebner,M.(2009). Trust asymmetries in acquisitions of entrepreneurial firms. Academy of Management Journal, 52,435472. Guth,W. D., MacMillan,I. C.(1986).Strategy implementation versus middle management self-interest. Strategic Management Journal, 7,313327. Gomes,E.,Cohen,M., Mellahi,K.(2011).When two African cultures collide: A study of interactions between managers in a strategic alliance between two African organizations. Journal of World Business, 46,512. Jiali Zhanget al. (2015). The effect of leadership style on organizational change program The International Journal of Human Resource Management 276-300 Myers, P., Hulks, S. Wiggins, L., 2012. Organisational change: a perspective on theory and practice. 1st ed. s.l.: Oxford University Press. Shook,L., Roth,G.(2011).Downsizings, mergers, and acquisitions: Perspectives of human resource development practitioners. Journal of European Industrial Training, 35,135153. Riad,S.,Vaara,E., Zhang,N.(2012).The intertextual production of international relations. Organization Studies, 33,121148. Vaara, E., Tienari, J. (2011). On the narrative construction of multinational corporations: An antinarrative analysis of legitimation. Organization Science, 22,370390. Weber,Y., Fried,Y.(2011).The dynamic of employees' reactions during the integration process. Human Resource Management, 50, 777781 Weber,Y., Tarba,S. Y.(2011).Exploring integration approach in leadership. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 19,202221. Weber,Y., Tarba,S. Y.(2013).Sociocultural integration in mergers and acquisitions New perspectives. Thunderbird International Business Review, 55,327331. Xing, Y., Liu, Y., Tarba, S. Y., Cooper, C. L. (2014). Intercultural influences on managing African employees of Chinese firms in Africa: Chinese managers' HRM practices. International Business Review. doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.05.003.pp. 22-100

What Does the American Dream Mean to You free essay sample

Does America still provide access to the American Dream? I believe that is done. America provides education, freedom, and opportunity, which allows people access to the American Dream. Education allows people to be successful, freedom allows us to make our own decisions, and opportunity enables us to achieve and prosper.The role education plays is very important in being successful in this country. Having an education opens many doors for employment opportunities. Education provides more than employment opportunities, it provides you with life skills. However, education requires dedication and hard work, that will lead you to success. Barack Obama said: â€Å"Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place, America.†Furthermore, America provides civil rights freedom for everyone who lives here. People are able to work and study in places they want to without being stopped by the force of government. We all can be successful through the freedom we are given if we work hard for it. We will write a custom essay sample on What Does the American Dream Mean to You? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, a woman in some countries are not able to get an education, those women are unfortunate and are stopped by the forces of government, which; this affects those women from reaching success; America provides freedom and support for an opportunity in many ways. As Barack Obama mentioned in his 2004 keynote address: â€Å"America, that shone as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many.† â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.† We all have freedom in our rights, and if we work hard that will allow us to be successful in life.With that being mentioned, the opportunity will allow people to go as far in life as they choose to. We all have the opportunity to be successful in our own ways, but in other countries, people dont have opportunity and choices. America allows you to achieve your full potential. In this country we can embrace opportunities for ourselves and become rich or very successful, regardless of ethnicity, gender, or age. Barack Obama addressed this topic in his 2004 keynote address: â€Å"in a generous America you don’t have to be rich to achieve your potential.†As I have said, when looking for the American Dream, we need to stay positive and focused on success and the values mentioned above. I believe thats how people can reach and live the American Dream. We must get an education and work hard, dream and believe, and this will give people a great chance for success and happiness. Having these qualities will help you reach the American Dream.

Free Essays on The Brady Bill

The Brady Bill – Gun Control Law is taking away our Constitutional Rights The Brady Bill – Gun Control Law is Unconstitutional Thesis: I believe that the Brady Bill – Gun Control laws are slowly taking away our Second Amendments Constitutional right I. What is the Brady Bill – Gun Control Law: A. Gun Control Act B. National Fire Arm Registration C. National Licensing of Handgun Owners D. National Ban on Firearms II. The Second Amendment (Gun Control is Unconstitutional ) A. An Overview of the Second Amendment B. Armed to Resist Tyranny C. An Effective means of Self- Defense III. Conclusion A. We need to up hold our Constitutional rights IV. Summary VI. Work cited - Boynton - 1 I believe that the Brady Bill – Gun Control laws are slowly taking away our Second Amendments Constitutional right. Right after the passing of the Brady Bill, gun control act it seemed to had a direct assault on the rights of law abiding gun owners. The Brady Bill contains a Gun control Act which has moved four or more steps in the march to disarming the American people: National Fire Arm Registration, National Licensing of Handgun Owners, and National Ban on Firearms. Following the election of President Bill Clinton he wasted no time in the signing of the Brady Bill. The time it took to establish this new bill was very swift as you can see based on the filing of Brady Bill II seen in print: November 10, 1993: Brady Bill passed in U.S. House November 11, 1993: Brady Bill passed in U.S. Senate and sent to Conference Committee November 22, 1993 Conference Committee version of the Brady Bill passed U.S House November 24, 1993 Conference Committee version of the Brady Bill passed U.S House November 30, 1993 Brady Bill signed into law by President Bill Clinton February 28, 1994 Brady Bill I took effect ... Free Essays on The Brady Bill Free Essays on The Brady Bill The Brady Bill – Gun Control Law is taking away our Constitutional Rights The Brady Bill – Gun Control Law is Unconstitutional Thesis: I believe that the Brady Bill – Gun Control laws are slowly taking away our Second Amendments Constitutional right I. What is the Brady Bill – Gun Control Law: A. Gun Control Act B. National Fire Arm Registration C. National Licensing of Handgun Owners D. National Ban on Firearms II. The Second Amendment (Gun Control is Unconstitutional ) A. An Overview of the Second Amendment B. Armed to Resist Tyranny C. An Effective means of Self- Defense III. Conclusion A. We need to up hold our Constitutional rights IV. Summary VI. Work cited - Boynton - 1 I believe that the Brady Bill – Gun Control laws are slowly taking away our Second Amendments Constitutional right. Right after the passing of the Brady Bill, gun control act it seemed to had a direct assault on the rights of law abiding gun owners. The Brady Bill contains a Gun control Act which has moved four or more steps in the march to disarming the American people: National Fire Arm Registration, National Licensing of Handgun Owners, and National Ban on Firearms. Following the election of President Bill Clinton he wasted no time in the signing of the Brady Bill. The time it took to establish this new bill was very swift as you can see based on the filing of Brady Bill II seen in print: November 10, 1993: Brady Bill passed in U.S. House November 11, 1993: Brady Bill passed in U.S. Senate and sent to Conference Committee November 22, 1993 Conference Committee version of the Brady Bill passed U.S House November 24, 1993 Conference Committee version of the Brady Bill passed U.S House November 30, 1993 Brady Bill signed into law by President Bill Clinton February 28, 1994 Brady Bill I took effect ...

Marketing in Healthcare Industry Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing in Healthcare Industry - Term Paper Example A marketing manager should understand the objectives of the firm in general and come up with a corporate marketing strategy which should address the product, distribution channels and tactics to be used. A strategic marketing plan begins by coming up with a strategic business unit that is independent based on management, access to resources, competition, customers and positioning strategy. The major elements that one focuses on include identification of the enterprise, situation analysis, coming up with strategies and control establishment all in a strategic business unit. A marketing plan in most cases involves a description of the product on the basis of any distinctive features presented, a budget for carrying out the awareness which includes the adverts and promotional activities, pricing strategies which depend on the cost of production, market segmentation and a full description of business location. Strategic marketing should also focus on the business environment which firstl y will concentrate on the economic variable which will assess whether the economy is in recession or in expansion (Berkowitz, 2011). Secondly, strategy will analyses the impacts of technological on the speed, processes, production and market and try to include this in marketing plan. The third factor is political intervention which focuses on regulations, taxes, reporting requirements and how these influence marketing strategies. Another factor to consider is the social cultural factors which relates to the perceptions of a certain product in different cultural diversities. These are psychological factors that alter the demand patters and the market dynamics bringing about a change in the profits of a firm. Finally, the strategic marketing should focus on internal review process. This checks the management and information systems, competition, budgets, distribution channels, market plan, sales projections, cost analysis and an overall snapshot of the marketing plan. Before a consume r can come up with a purchase, various factors both internal and external influence the decision making process. A person can choose to purchase a product not because it is needed but because of a perception that it is useful. The consumer behavior is determined by internal factors such as feelings, tastes and preferences, while external factors relate to commercials, the marketing abilities of the firm or coupons reflecting the product. However, initial intent must be created before a consumer can make a purchase. The choice made will be influenced by the cost of the product and on evaluation or observation on the quality of the item in question (Berkowitz, 2011). A person may also choose to buy a product out of previous satisfaction on the use of the item. Companies may be interested to ensure that goods being produced for selling should not create cognitive dissonance on the part of the consumer which determines purchase value. The marketing strategy to be adopted by a normal bus iness enterprise is different from that to be used by a health care industry. This is because the target population is different. Whilst the business focused on the overall consumer, the health care focused on a limited class such as the aged, the sick and those in need of medical attention. In this case, their approach is narrowed on that business

The Acquisition of Tense by L1 Arabic Learners of English Language Research Proposal

The Acquisition of Tense by L1 Arabic Learners of English Language - Research Proposal Example One explanation for the difficulty is the Aspect Hypothesis. There is also a Perceptual Salience Hypothesis (Man, 1990). Others have proposed that syntactic knowledge is not impaired, rather that the cause is extra-syntactic (Prevost & White, 2000). Also for Arabic speakers, there is the problem when final consonant clusters occur which are avoided in their L1. Such phonetic differences pose difficulties (Strange, 1995). Confusion of past tenses was one of the main types of errors in tenses reported in a study of Arab learners of English at the University of Sudan (Kambal, 1980). According to the Aspect Hypothesis, â€Å"learners associate forms that mark time with the lexical aspect inherent in the meaning of the verb† (Robinson, 2008:317). Bardovi-Harlig (1998) and Anderson & Shirai (2007) are proponents of the Aspect Hypothesis. Syntactic theory is advocated by the likes of Donna Lardiere (2007) and is a development of Chomsky’s principles. She suggests that the central question is â€Å"how a learner manages to associate the particular featural specifications of the target language – that is, a syntactic representation – with their overt realization in the input† (Archibald, 2000:103). According to the syntactic theory it is either a deficiency in the knowledge of syntax or incorrect mapping of syntactic representations that cause complications in acquiring tense. The difficulty in the formation of verbal inflections in L1 Arabic Learners of English Language is due to the influence of L2 acquisition of verbal inflectional morphemes. The applicability of this Aspects Hypothesis will be tested and the alternative hypothesis offered by syntactic theory will be considered within the context of SLA (Second Language Acquisition). Children in schools are readily available subjects for study and suitable because they are at am active learning age. 30 students will be sought at 3 different proficiency levels whose first language is

Readiness of Kindergarten Teachers along K-12 Curriculum Essay Example for Free

Readiness of Kindergarten Teachers along K-12 Curriculum Essay One of the major reforms in our country’s educational system is Republic Act 10157, otherwise known as â€Å"The Kindergarten Education Law† or the K to12 (K+12). This Law made the Kindergarten compulsory and mandatory entry to basic education. This Law was initiated by the Aquino administration in order to address the perceived decreasing quality of education in the country, and to meet the international standard regarding the number of years in basic education. This program will require all incoming students to enroll into two more years of basic education. The K+12 System will include the Universal kindergarten, 6 years of elementary, 4 years of junior high school with an additional 2 years for senior high school. The program is implemented and formulated along with the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and with the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). The current k-12 model that had been implemented in the country is an educational landscape for basic and secondary system patterned after the United States, Canada and some parts of Australia had done it. According to Patricia  Velasco’s article, the K- 12 Curriculum envisions â€Å"holistically developed learners with 21st century skills† (DepEd Primer, 2011). This further means that every student would have an understanding of the world around him and a passion for life-long learning while addressing every student’s basic learning needs: â€Å"learning to learn, the acquisition of numeracy, literacy, and scientific and technological knowledge applied to daily life† (p. 6). The main objective of the K to 12 curriculum is to achieve the DepEd’s goal of eradicating illiteracy rate in the country. â€Å"No child is left behind. † (source). Every Filipino has the right to receive quality education in order to become an asset in all dimensions, competent, efficient, effective and productive citizen leading to a decent and comfortable living. The most interesting part concerning the K to 12 program is on its practical assistance for the poor but skillful students. For instance, the student cannot afford to go to college; he is given an option or privilege to be employed not as a professional but on technical job because his skills acquired and developed during his Senior High School can be a guarantee for his  qualification for a vocational employment. Moreover, the program aims to uplift the quality of education in the Philippines in order for graduates to be easily employed. Our country is the only country in Asia and among the countries in the world that has a 10 year pre- university program. The program also aims to meet the standards required for professionals who would want to work abroad. The system aims to fully enhance and develop the students in order for them to be well-prepared especially in emotional and cognitive aspects. Through this, graduates will be able to face the pressures of their future workplace. The K-12 aims the students to have a relevance or importance in the social and economic reality of life. The realm of their role as members of the country. Thus, this vision will be complete through an enhanced curriculum. (K-12 Kindergarten Curriculum Guide 2013) DepEd said that this is the right time to do something better for the field of education, having poor quality education. The DepEd released their stand along the reform. In stressing the need for the new system of basic education, President Benigno S. Aquino III said, â€Å"We need to add two years of our basic education. Those who can afford pay up to fourteen years  of schooling before university. Thus, their children are getting to the best universities and the best jobs after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public school children to give them an even chance at succeeding. † (source) With the K-12 program, different arguments were formulated. Not all are in favor of the K+12 Education program. There are students complaining of the additional years and there are parents who are not in favor of the additional expenses. But it is an undeniable fact that additional years in the education system will really require more budgets not just from the government but from the  parents as well. Aside from this, students will need additional classrooms, school supplies and facilities. The program would need more qualified teachers as well. Teachers plays an important role 1 / 3 in the K-12 program because they are the ones who will teach the kindergarten pupils, especially the Pre – school teachers. Markovac amp; Rogulja, 2009, stated that the, early care main goal is to fulfill the Delors principles: â€Å"Learning to be, learning to do, learning to know and learning to live together and to live with others. † The early childhood is a time of rapid growth in all aspects of  children’s development fostered by their natural curiosity and adult support. Therefore, Preschool education is the foundation for a childs education. The skills and knowledge that a child develops in the preschool years will have a dramatic impact on a childs success when formal schooling begins as well as life success. Preschool education is important because it can give your child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. The first year of a child’s life is globally acknowledged to be the critical year for lifelong development because the pace of development during these years is  extremely rapid (National Council of Educational Research and Training, 2006 as cited in the K to 12 Curriculum Guide – Kindergarten). While children who do not receive the fundamentals during their preschool years will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors when they begin their formal education they will be behind the children who already possess that knowledge and skill set. The Pre – school teachers are supposed to have the courage and knowledge to teach the little ones. They will serve as the guide and the second mother at school. Children’s learning will greatly depend on the teachers strategies. Hence, kindergarten teachers should provide them with an engaging and creative curriculum that is developmentally – appropriate, age – appropriate and socio – cul;turally appropriate (DepEd K to 12 Curriculum guide for Kindergaten, 2012). Many new parents start hearing about K-12 since before their kids are born. However, they are not very clear about what K12 means, and why is necessary for them to start inform themselves about it as it will impact their kids’ future. What Is K12 Education? This term was coined to describe primary and secondary education. This includes kindergarten (K) all the way to the 12 grade. This extremely popular type of education is very common among several countries around the world. â€Å"K to 12† stands for kindergarten plus 12 years of elementary and secondary education. This educational system for basic and secondary education is widely adopted around the world. Early childhood education is intended to support and complement family upbringing and the main goal is to create good opportunities and conditions for each child’s well-being, create a stimulating environment for the child’s comprehensive development and learning while taking into account their age, gender and individual features. The role of early childhood care and education settings in improving children’s development has begun to be viewed with increasing importance. The recognition that centre-based childcare is associated with a host of positive developmental outcomes for children, such as increased cognitive abilities, language development, and emotional and social development (Kagan amp; Neuman, 1997; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Childcare Research Network [NICHD], 2000, 2002, 2008; NICHD amp; Duncan, 2003), has led to the introduction of a new policy in Ireland that provides every three-year-old child with access to a free preschool place for one year (Office of the Minister for Children and Youth Affairs [OMCYA], 2009). The importance of preschool learning is that first, parents must remember that preschool education is the foundation for your childs education. As Adams (2008) stressed that early childhood education is the key to building a strong foundation for a child’s educational success. The skills and knowledge (not to mention aptitude and attitude) that your child develops in the preschool years will have a dramatic impact on your childs success when formal  schooling begins as well as life success, as supported by the House Bill 5367 (2009), aimed to incorporate preschool education to basic education with the DepEd at the frontier of its implementation all over the country. This bill was in consonance with the state’s policy to provide equal opportunities for all children to avail themselves of free and compulsory preschool education that effectively promotes physical, social, intellectual, emotional simulations, let alone values formation to adequately prepare them for formal elementary schooling, second is that by actively  promoting and encouraging your childs preschool learning you will promote his or her self esteem as well. Help your child gain confidence by making learning fun and easy at this age and you will 2 / 3 help make your child an eager lifelong learner and the finally preschool education is important because it can give your child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. While children who do not receive the fundamentals during their preschool years will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors when they begin their formal education they will be behind the children  who already possess that knowledge and skill set. According to Anita Woolfolk Hoy and Megan Tschannen – Moran ,(2002), teachers’ sense of efficacy has been related to students outcomes such as achievement (Ross, 1992), motivation, (Midgley, Feldlaufer, amp; Eccles, 1998) and students’ own sense of efficacy ( Anderson, Greene, amp; Loewen, 1998). DepEd Secretary Armin Luistro stated that enhancing the competencies of pre-school teachers will have a great impact on the young learners. â€Å"We should ensure that teachers are ready for the challenge of making our young kids’ first school experience enjoyable  and giving them a positive experience that will motivate them to remain in school and complete their education. † This means that pre-school teachers are the implementers of the socially defined curriculum objectives. They help children to adapt to the society and to become its members, to develop interaction between children and different generations, and absorb the main behavioral habits and roles of the community. Also their task is to educate children to become unique subjects and persons as they truly are (Dewey, 1916; Ojakangas, 1998; Siljander, 2002) To become preschool teachers one must have the ability to deal with pupils ages 5. A preschool teacher needs to be proficient in helping children learn how to cooperate, providing fun learning activities suitable for preschoolers, keeping children safe, working as a team member with other teachers and interacting with parents. Preschool teachers need to be eager participants in childrens growth and development, as well as helping students understand how to use their natural curiosity to help make the appropriate developmental leaps in their skills and abilities. They are expected to create an atmosphere where risks can be taken and discoveries made while children remain safe. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

A History of the Treatment of Insanity Essay examples -- Exploratory E

A History of the Treatment of Insanity Over the course of history, insanity has been subjected to a wide variety of treatments. Attempts to cure the mentally ill or simply relieve "normal" society of the problems caused by insanity have ranged from outright cruelty to higher degrees of humanity in today's society. This paper gives a brief overview of insanity--its believed causes and subsequent treatments--from primitive times up to the nineteenth century. There are two known traditions for diagnosis and treatment of mental illness: spiritual/religious and naturalistic/scientific. According to the spiritual/religious tradition, supernatural forces are the cause of insanity. One of the earliest examples of spiritual/religious treatment is a practice called trephining. Archeaologists have discovered skulls exhibiting this primitive form of psychiatric surgery. Trephining involved chipping holes in a victim's skull to release the evil spirits that were responsible for the person's mental illness. Other ancient peoples attributed insanity to the mischief of demons or the anger of the gods, namely the Chinese, Egyptian, and Hebrew societies. The Greek phisician Hippocrates believed insanity to be rooted in a lack of balance within the body. More specifically, he argued that a balance of four body fluids (or the four humors) was the key to mental health. An excess or deficiency of blood, phlegm, black bile, or yellow bile could lead to psychopathology. Those trained in the Hippocratic tradition were instructed to treat the mentally ill with attempts designed to restore the balance of the bodily fluids. These treatments were called "heroic" because they were drastic and often painful. Among them were bloodletting, purging, an... ...can Institutions for the Insane (AMSAII) was founded in 1844. It later became the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Its purpose is to designate the criteria to diagnose a patient as mentally ill (the current list of criteria is called the DSM-IV) and commit the person to an institution or design a course of treatment suited to the problem. Sources 1. Bankart, C. Peter. Talking Cures: A History of Western and Eastern Psychotherapies. Albany: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1997. 2. Emery, Robert E., and Oltmanns, Thomas F. Abnormal Psychology. New Jersey: Simon & Schuster, 1998. 3. Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. New York: Pantheon Books, 1965. 4. Rosen,. George. Madness in Society: Chapters in the Historical Sociology of Mental Illness. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1968.

Effects of parental marital instability to children Essay

Parental divorce has a substantial effect on children which can be long-term or short term. Long term effects can range from long-term financial difficulties, psychological, mental, physical and also social problems. This could be as a result of lack of both emotional and social support that is derived from stable families. Divorce entails separation of parents leaving the family broken, a situation that denies the children a safe and steady informal environment for learning. It also minimizes the ability of parents to guard their children against negative influences from the surrounding environment. However, there are some cases where divorce brings about short term relieve to children especially where violence that is directed to children and a parent is involved. Although this may reduce short-term physical together with psychological effects, long-tem effects are bound to occur (Amato, 2000). Financial effects: this arises due to the break up of the family’s financial structure forcing each of the parents to rely on their personal incomes for survival unlike previously when they could pool their incomes together. Since the success of children relies on both financial and social support from parents, children who are brought up in a family with two parents are likely to have high achievements compared to those with one because of the presence of both parents who could offer complementary resources when needed. Each of the divorced parents will be forced to use available resources in trying to set up a new home at the expense of the children’s needs of quality education and better health services. In some cases where fathers start new families, the possibility of children being affected financially rises because the father could end up spending less on them (Cherlin, Kiernan & Chase-Lansdale, 1995). Social impact: the social impact of divorce on children has been found to be massive. Children whose parents divorce during their formative years have been found to be greatly affected compared to those who their parents divorce at a later date. These children become prone to divorce in their later lives. This is so because, during formative years, children require both parents for effective development of skills and values that are necessary in development of stable relationships in future. It is evident in men who grow with single mothers who tend to behave in a deviant way with violent natures who eventually end up being involved in criminal activities (Amato, 2001). Because the children are not able take sides during divorce, they feel as if they are the cause of the divorce. As a result, they may end up getting depressed and eventually becoming suicidal. Their personality and sense of confidence is affected by the regular arguments and fights that their parents may have had. Eventually, after divorce if proper measures such as counseling are not taken, they may become emotionally destabilized which may lead to drug abuse and suicide (D’Onofrio et al, 2003). When the non custodian parent moves far away from the other and does not communicate frequently or in totality to the children, they may feel a sense of loose of a parent. Girls get affected by their father’s absence whereby they may become emotionally withdrawn from both boys and men during growth and later on in life. Divorce cases tend to affect boys more than girls. Boys tend to show signs of violent and criminal behaviors while girls become neurotic depressive which mostly depends on their mother’s behavior. They carry these behaviors to their relationships in future which explain why most marriages of such children do not last (Furstenberg & Teitler, 1994). According to Cherlin, Chase-Lansdale & McRae (1998), divorce may cause long term mental disorders for children between the age bracket 0 and 4. This is so because of lack of care that is essential for full development of the child. An example is when the father is given custody of the child, the child misses an opportunity to breast feed and receive post-natal care which may lead to mental defects later on in life. This affects their ability to perform in sports and school activities (D’Onofrio et al, 2005). To enhance adjustment of the child to the situation, it is recommended that: parents should discuss the impending divorce to ensure that its done at a level where it will not have a great effect to the child, they should be able to answer any question that the child could be having about the situation, the child should be assured that it was not by his/her fault that they separated, the child should be assured that both parents will continue loving him/her, the child’s needs should be the parents’ priority, the parent in custody of the child should not expect his/her emotional needs to be met by the child, parenting should continue as usual, continued visitation of the child by the other parent who doesn’t have custody of the child should be ensured, parents should avoid being critical of the other and avoid interrogating the child about visits made by the other parent (Caspi et al, 2004). In conclusion, the effects of divorce to children are damaging to the child’s development leading to both physical and psychological disorders. This affects the child’s ability to develop social skills which are important in developing stable relationships later on in life. It also affects both financial and social well being of the children involved. The effects can be controlled through ensuring that the affected children are surrounded by an enabling environment which will help them acquire the required social, emotional and financial support. This will help reduce the long-term effects that result from such cases. Other ways that could be considered in trying to reduce these long term effects include looking for a step family or introduction of special mentorship programs in schools. Because of the effects involved, there is need for child mental health specialists who are familiar with the wide range of complications that divorce may have on the child so that they can help reduce if not prevent the effects. References Amato, P. R. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children: Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1269–1287. Amato, P. R. (2001). Children of divorce in the 1990s: An update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 355–370. Caspi, A. , Moffitt, T. E. , Morgan, J. , Rutter, M. , Taylor, A. , Arseneault, L. , et al. (2004). Maternal expressed emotion predicts children’s antisocialbehavior problems: Using monozygotic-twin differences to identify environmental effects on behavioral development. Developmental Psychology, 40, 149–161. Cherlin, A. J. , Chase-Lansdale, P. L. , & McRae, C. (1998). Effects of parental divorce on mental health throughout the life course. American Sociological Review, 63, 239–249. Cherlin, A. J. , Kiernan, K. E. , & Chase-Lansdale, P. L. (1995). Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood. Demography, 32, 299–318. D’Onofrio, B. M. , Turkheimer, E. , Eaves, L. J. , Corey, L. A. , Berg, K. ,Solaas, M. H. , & Emery, R. E. (2003). The role of the children of twins design in elucidating causal relations between parent characteristics and child outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 1130–1144. D’Onofrio, B. M. , Turkheimer, E. , Emery, R. E. , Slutske, W. S. , Heath, A. C. , Madden, P. A. , & Martin, N. G. (2005). A genetically informed study of marital instability and its association with offspring psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 570–586. Furstenberg, F. F. , Jr. , & Teitler, J. O. (1994). Reconsidering the effects of marital disruption: What happens to children of divorce in young adulthood? Journal of Family Issues, 15, 173–190.